Which of the following best represents relational bullying?

Relational bullying focuses on harming someone's social relationships or status within a group rather than using direct physical aggression or overt verbal harassment. Exclusion from a group is a key characteristic of relational bullying because it directly impacts the victim's social connections and emotional well-being.

When someone is excluded, it undermines their sense of belonging and can lead to feelings of isolation and anxiety. This form of bullying is often more insidious than physical fights or use of derogatory language, as it can be more difficult to identify and address. The act of intentionally leaving someone out is a relational tactic that can be used to assert power and control within social dynamics, making it a clear representation of relational bullying.